The Minor Prophets - Class Notes Fall 2010
Introduction:
The title, “The Minor Prophets,” has been used in the western Church since the days of Augustine. These prophets are “minor” in the sense that their writings are shorter compared to Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel. In the Hebrew Scriptures, all of the prophets are grouped in the 24 book section titled: “The Law and the Prophets.” The Minor Prophets cover a span of 300 years beginning in the 750’s B.C. through the mid-400 B.C.
This Hebraic grouping captures the covenantal structure of biblical texts. God gave the law to govern the covenant, that relational and central communion between God and his people. God attached blessing and curses to his law: blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience. The prophets, in one sense, are God’s prosecuting attorneys, delivering God’s case against a disobedient covenant people. To the extent that his covenant reaches the entire world, the prophets bring cases against all rebellious nations. One of God’s central covenant promises is that through Abraham, all the nations of the world shall be blessed.
Moses is the prophet of God who delivered the law of God to his people at Mt. Sinai and then, at the end of his life, delivered it again in the form preserved in Deuteronomy, “the second law.” For us to understand and apply The Minor Prophets, we must have a fair understanding of the Pentateuch, the five books of Moses.
As Christians, we also understand Jesus and the apostles as they interpret the law and the prophets. The bold claim of Jesus is that he did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it. The apostles present Jesus as the great prophet, greater than Moses and the suffering servant, who represents the human party of the covenant, “he who knew no sin became sin for us that we might become the righteousness of God.” As John Calvin wrote in his introduction to Hosea, “As there is no hope of reconciliation with God except through a Mediator, they ever set forth the Messiah, whom the Lord had long before promised.” Continue reading »
